Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services among Rural Mothers in Punjab, Pakistan: An Assessment

Abstract

Increased utilization of maternal healthcare services is linked to lower maternal and child mortality rates and improved reproductive health for women. Thus, examining factors affecting maternal care service provision in rural Punjab, Pakistan remains crucial. In this study, Rawalpindi, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Nankana Sahib districts were chosen via simple random sampling, with 414 respondents (mothers aged 15-49 with a last child under two years) participating as study respondents. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed with SPSS. Findings showed that 99.8% of mothers sought postnatal exams, and 96.9% received immunizations. Additionally, 79.7% took iron, folic acid, and calcium supplements, 63.3% received nutrition counselling, and 43.2% sought physiotherapy advice. Over half (53.4%) completed antenatal care (ANC), though non-cooperative staff, perceived lack of needs (61.5%), and cost were barriers to full ANC access. Public and private hospitals were primary delivery locations (37.7% and 29.2%, respectively), with 72.5% having natural deliveries. Dietary shifts during pregnancy included increased milk and fruit consumption. Postpartum, 79.7% experienced no complications, though a small percentage faced issues like excessive bleeding (6.0%) and hypertension (5.3%). This study stresses the need to address ANC barriers and improve healthcare services to enhance maternal and neonatal health outcomes.