Journal of Education and Social Studies

Unlocking the Potential: Factors Driving the Competitiveness of Citrus Exports from Pakistan

2024-07-30T05:41:09+00:00

Pakistan's agriculture industry is vital to the country's economy since it has confined exportation goods and markets and struggles with a lingering trade imbalance. This study shed light on the modern economic notion of competitiveness by attempting to assess and pinpoint factors affecting citrus exports, which account for 2.48% of the agricultural GDP. In trade theory, competitive edge is a better phrase to use instead of "competitive profit." Panel data and time series data were also employed in this study. The UN-FAO, AMIS, WDI, and WITS were the primary sites from which the secondary sources of data were gathered. The factors that generated an estimate of exports among Pakistan and other nations were identified using a gravity model. The export number, the variables that varied between Pakistan and its top exporters included the value of exports and exporting price examined in this study. RCA indices and their expansions were used in conjunction with suitable statistical techniques to examine the collected data. The study's conclusions were anticipated to be useful in formulating some plans to boost Pakistan's citrus exports. The nominal GDP of Pakistan and the importing nations, their exchange rate, and the region under evaluation for citrus were important drivers. The findings of this study demonstrated that while Pakistan's citrus output is fairly steady, much more work is required to guarantee and optimize gains in the export of citrus crop types.

Effect of Non-Farm Income on Income Inequality in Pakistan

2024-09-07T10:08:14+00:00

The portion of farm households' income outside the farm, such as non-farm salaries and wages, pensions, and interest income, is referred to as non-farm income. In Pakistan, non-farm profit is an essential source of income. "income inequality" describes the inequitable income distribution between people or families in a community or economy. Income inequality is a significant issue worldwide, including in Pakistan. This research estimated the effect of non-farm income on rural and urban areas and analyzed the relationship between non-farm income and income inequality within households. Secondary data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey Household data (2019-20) was used. Multinomial Logistic Regression was applied to the data, and income inequality was calculated using the Gini coefficient. The population was divided into quartiles to measure income distribution. The research found that non-farm income raises income inequality, while farm income is an income equalizer among the population. The reason behind this is that a major portion of income or wealth is accessed by the upper society, with only a minor portion reaching the lower levels of the population. Specifically, the Gini coefficient for non-farm income was 0.65, indicating higher inequality, compared to 0.45 for farm income. In urban areas, non-farm income provides large opportunities, while rural areas predominantly depend on the farm sector. There is a need to raise awareness about the non-farm sector in rural sector. The study's policy implications include the following: In order to improve agricultural households' income and low-income disparity, non-farm income activities have to be promoted. The study also suggests that Inequalities within rural communities should be addressed as part of an equal development strategy, in addition to the rural-urban gap.

Academic Dishonesty and Its Impact on Students’ Moral and Personality Development

2024-08-30T04:43:08+00:00

Academic dishonesty is an illegal activity in which students are involved in different ways for the temporary benefit of ignoring other aspects of this illegal activity. One aspect of this activity enchants students to get temporary success in exams through unlawful activity. On the other hand, the second aspect is very terrible, which spoils all students' abilities. This study aims to highlight the effect of academic dishonesty on students' moral development and personality. This study was conducted at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Out of a total seven faculties faculty of social sciences was chosen purposively. A total of 105 students were selected randomly from the chosen faculty. The researcher collected data through a validated and pre-tested questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that lack of confidence, Failure to explore ideas, and lack of hard work have adverse effects on students' personalities. Lack of discipline among students and low acceptance of students' opinions lowered students' moral development. This study suggested that academic dishonesty is minimized by using institutions' ethical, professional standards and building student confidence.

Gender Differences in the Perception of Ethics and Civic Moral Disengagement in Medical Doctors

2024-08-24T17:03:14+00:00

The present study aims to find the gender differences in the perception of doctors while making ethical decisions and their level of civic morality. A simple distinction between ethics and morality would be that ethics are in reference to an external source, they come from the work environment. A comparative research design has been used in this study for which a Purposive sampling strategy was selected. The participants of the study selected were 75 male and 75 female doctors aged 25-40 years, practicing in Jinnah Hospital and Services Hospital, Lahore. Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) and Moral Disengagement Scale (MDS) were utilized to collect the data. To identify the differences among the variables Independent Sample T-test was administered on the collected data. The results of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the perception of ethics and civic moral disengagement, this brought to the view that gender alone does not influence one’s ethics, pro-social reasoning, and behavior. The findings of this current research state that there are no differences among doctors working in two different locations, among genders, or between ethics and civic moral disengagement. This would be helpful to know because doctors constantly face questions regarding ethics and have to make fast, effective decisions that will affect their patient's life.

Personality Traits and Tax Evasion Attitude: The Moderating Role of Religiosity

2024-09-12T05:44:15+00:00

Tax evasion remains a significant issue despite regulatory improvements, with informal sectors, income underreporting, and corruption contributing to the problem. Studies typically focus on economic factors but overlook non-economic influences, such as psychological factors, social norms, and religion. This research explores the impact of religiosity on tax evasion, particularly how it affects the relationship between personality traits and tax evasion behaviors. Using a sample of 443 individuals from salaried and self-employed backgrounds, the study employed survey methodology to gather data. The results of analysis revealed that personality traits like conscientiousness, openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion significantly influence tax evasion attitudes. Conscientiousness particularly affects self-interest tax evasion, while religiosity moderates the relationship between extraversion and self-interest tax evasion and between conscientiousness and justice of system tax evasion. The findings suggest that incorporating religious values into tax policy could help reduce tax evasion. Policymakers are advised to enhance tax compliance by promoting tax awareness through educational programs, emphasizing community benefits, and collaborating with religious scholars to foster ethical tax practices. The study underscores the importance of considering religiosity and personality traits in developing strategies to combat tax evasion, especially in developing countries.

Philip Sidney's 'An Apology for Poetry': A Scholarly Analysis

2024-09-07T10:41:57+00:00

In this article, an attempt was made to present a scholarly analysis of “An Apology for poetry” written by Philip Sidney. Sidney in his work expressed critical guidelines to create understanding about the poetry among readers. According to him, poetry is a particular form of communication, particularly when addressing complex relationships that require additional rhetorical effort, such as persuasion and art. He subdivided the creative poetry to make a clear sense to his readers and made strong arguments about the creative nature of imitative poetry. Poetry is noble to all sciences and it comes from the poet’s heart and ideas of imagination. He defended the accusations against poetry and established the environment of understanding about poetry’s importance and excellence for his readers for the sake of the audience’s stronger development in understanding and deep effective learning.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Joe Biden’s First Speech as President in 2020

2024-08-30T05:22:35+00:00

This research article endeavors to apply the CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) model by Norman Fairclough to reveal the political identities and distinct ideologies of the United States' political personalities. The U.S. has always been drowned in different leadership and especially race/color discrimination crises. This paper presents the CDA of the presidential-elect inaugural speech of Joe Biden after the historical U.S. election of 2020. This speech was delivered on 7th November 2020. Like all modified academic disciplines, CDA is developed as an advanced academic discipline. The present research article stands on the base of Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional analytical model. Applying Fairclough’s 3D framework helps examine the ground political ideology of the speech. Analysis of linguistic choices has been examined at the first level and discourse practice of the text at the second level. The third level examined sociocultural practices. The underlying aim of this research paper was to examine the linguistic resources the speaker used. It also aims to examine Joe Biden’s political ideology behind his speech. This study lays out an impetus for further research in this field by providing initial grounds for it.

Concept Formation Teaching Model: A Correlational Study of Concept Development

2024-09-07T10:40:55+00:00

A concept is an idea. It helps to classify things in mind. Concepts are one of the key parts of the teaching-learning process. These are always related to learner academic success. Academic success always depends on a student’s clear concept. The study objective was to find the relationship between the concept formation teaching model and students’ academic success. An experimental study was conducted for a period of two months to determine the effect of this model on the academic success of the students. The study was concluded that students who instructed by this model scored significantly high than the students who instructed by a conventional way of teaching. A retention test was also taken for the purpose of knowing the students’ retention levels. The study results of retention test showed that students retain their concepts for a longer period of time with accuracy. Removal of misconception and strengthening of precise and accurate concepts is only possible when teaching is based on conceptual learning. To substitute the procedural learning from conceptual learning, this model is helpful and proved to be significant in teaching-learning process. It is recommended to use this model to form and develop concepts.

The Effect of Congruency between Social Issue-Product, Social Issue-Endorser and Message

2024-07-30T05:06:53+00:00