Journal of Economic Impact

Impact of Observable Quality Attributes on Hedonic Pricing of Mutton in Pakistan: Insights from Consumer Preferences

2024-12-30T09:31:11+00:00

Pricing of a product is vigorous for marketing strategies, which has a significant impact on the buying behavior of customers and businesses. The objective of the study is to identify the influence of diverse quality attributes of mutton on retail prices from customers' perspectives when they purchase mutton. For this purpose, the primary data were collected using a pre-tested well-defined questionnaire from the consumers of four major metropolitan cities of Pakistan i.e., Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Islamabad. The revealed preference theory is applied in the present study. The study used the hedonic price model considering log-linear functional form to evaluate the influence of mutton attributes on the retail price. The outcomes of this study reveal that place of purchase, meat color, hygienic condition, aroma, meat cuts, texture, juiciness, fat contents, and abattoir`s stamp are key variables that have an affirmative and substantial effect on the price of mutton at the retail level. The results reveal that coefficients of hygienic condition, juiciness, and abattoir stamp have significant positive, whereas fat content has a negative effect on the price of mutton. The outcomes of this study will help the producers for product development with an appropriate mix of quality attributes of mutton. The implications of the outcomes have been conferred in the context of developing profitable strategies for the meat industry in an emerging country.

Analysis of Corporate Saving and its Contribution to Capital Formation: A Case Study of Pakistan

2024-12-02T05:11:44+00:00

This study evaluates how much corporate saving contributes to capital formation in Pakistan as well as how they behave and how dependent they are on one another. In order to determine long-run cointegration, the model specification has been refined and applied to the Johansen cointegration and ADRL econometric models after the time series data period 1981–2021 used in the study was examined for time series properties. A basic linear trend regression was fitted to determine whether the capital creation and corporate saving rates showed any statistically significant rising or decreasing trends for the whole 1981–2021 period. The trend regression of capital formation rates is statistically significant at five percent and has a negative coefficient value of -0.10. The business savings rates show an increasing trend coefficient value of 0.04. The study also shows a moderately negative relationship between corporate sector saving rates and capital formation rates, with a simple correlation coefficient value of -0.51. Finally, the findings of the Johansen and ARDL approaches demonstrate that there has never been a long-term cointegration between corporate saving rates and capital formation rates.

An Investigation into Financial Product Knowledge and its Relation with Investment Decisions among Undergraduates of Public Sector Universities in Punjab, Pakistan

2024-12-31T12:29:13+00:00

This study was an effort to investigate the financial product knowledge and its relationship with making investment decisions. The study was carried out among the undergraduate students of the public sector universities in the Punjab province of Pakistan. A mix of multistage, simple random and convenient sampling techniques was applied to select a representative sample of university undergraduates for the study. A well-designed questionnaire was used for data-collection from the selected respondents. The collected-data were analyzed statistically and the major findings have been presented in this research-paper. The results showed a significant relationship between the financial knowledge about the financial product and making investment-decisions Financial Products and investment-decisions among the public-sector university-undergraduates. Therefore, this research recommends the short-courses and training programs related to the topic should be offered to the business-community especially the young investors for their capacity-building in better decision-making.

Investment Decision in Citrus Orchards of Punjab, Pakistan: A Socioeconomic and Financial Perspective

2025-01-30T15:53:27+00:00

The current study aimed to assess the production cost, factors affecting citrus yield and financial appraisal of long-term investment in citrus orchards. A well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire using a simple random sampling technique was used for primary data for 2022-23. The study was confined mainly to Layyah, Bhakkar, Sahiwal and Toba Tek Singh districts because of the newly emerging citrus-growing areas of Punjab. Findings indicated that citrus orchard output begins in the fourth year and continues unabated until 30 years. It hit peak in the year 20. The net present value was $ 1507 per acre, demonstrating that citrus farming produces higher returns. The benefit-cost ratio of 1:16 indicates citrus production is a profitable enterprise. Return on investment in the citrus orchard was 20 percent, and the payback period was observed as 4th year. Regression analysis revealed that orchard size, citrus growing experience, contact with extension agents and education level had positive and significant impacts on yield. The study concludes that investment in citrus orchards has provided favorable returns to farmers. To promote citrus production, the role of agricultural extension departments should be strengthened, and agricultural extension employees should have better training in the most recent scientific citrus discoveries and techniques. Awareness should be created among citrus growers through formal and informal education as literate farmers respond quickly to adopting innovation and interventions.

Modelling Volatility of Pakistan Stock Market Using Family of GARCH Models

2025-01-11T05:40:18+00:00

The stock market across the globe is regarded as an essential component of modern economic systems. It is significant and acts as an indicator of a nation's economic health. The price of crude oil and exchange rates are two important macroeconomic factors that can have a big influence on the performance of the stock market. Because crude oil is widely used in the production and consumption of energy, its volatility and unpredictability can cause concern in the larger economy. Pakistan's economy is especially vulnerable to fluctuations in oil prices since it imports oil, which makes their interaction with the stock market unique and complex. Changes in exchange rates can have an impact on foreign capital flows, trade balances, and the stability of the economy as a whole. We find the marginal distribution of all series by GARCH models with different error distributions. For KSE 100 index, we select the ARMA (1,1) GARCH (1,1) with skewed student t distribution on the basis of lowest AIC and BIC value.

Economic Analysis and Determinants of Wheat Production in Bati Kot District of Nangarhar Province: Afghanistan

2025-01-30T15:50:09+00:00

Current study aims to workout economic analysis and factors effecting wheat production in Bati Kot district, Afghanistan. In Afghanistan food security is a long-term critical issue. Wheat is the major crop, source of dietary energy and has link with longer-term food security in Afghanistan. To achieve the objectives 120 respondents were randomly selected for interviews during crop season 2023. Econometric techniques, descriptive statistics, simple budgeting and Cobb Douglas type production function was applied for analysis. Descriptive statistics revealed that 50% of respondents were under 40 years old, 65% were literate beyond the elementary level, and 43% had family sizes ranging from 5 to 10 members. Furthermore, 60% of respondents only visited (1-2) extension visits during the crop season. Wheat yields ranged between 1400 kg and 1460 kg per acre. Total cost of wheat production was Afghani (Af). 38,266.56/-, with the total revenue Af. 52,978.44/-, and net returns Af. 14,711.88/-, respectively. Regression model shows that DAP, weedicides, and farmyard manure all have positive and significant association with wheat production. However seed, urea, and labor days are positive but non-significantly associated with wheat production in study area. Irrigation had a negative impact on wheat yield. Based on the findings the study suggests chemical fertilizers from adjacent nations to reduce cost. Furthermore, the introduction of Salinity Control & Reclamation Programs (SCARP) to make irrigation response positive and access to agricultural machinery like planters, harvesters, and threshers are likely to reduce yield loss and increase net returns for wheat producers in the study area.