https://www.scienceimpactpub.com/journals/index.php/jei/issue/feed 2026-02-10T05:28:20+00:00 Chief Editor: Dr. Iqbal Javed jei@scienceimpactpub.com Open Journal Systems <p class="justify">Journal of Economic Impact (JEI) welcomes all research articles relevant to economics and other relevant social science subjects. The journal of Economic Impact aims to provide an opportunity and a forum to communicate relevant and current issues in the area of Economics and its allied subjects. The objective of this journal is to publish prolific novel scientific work while making them freely available for the scholarly world. Journal of Economic Impact is an open access journal. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published in the Journal of Economics Impact can be read online without any form of restriction.</p> https://www.scienceimpactpub.com/journals/index.php/jei/article/view/1162 2026-02-10T05:00:39+00:00 Ayesha Rouf 2013ag3509@uaf.edu.pk Abdullah Hammad 2013ag3509@uaf.edu.pk Shagufta Rasheed 2013ag3509@uaf.edu.pk Muzammil Anwar 2013ag3509@uaf.edu.pk Jawad Anwar 2013ag3509@uaf.edu.pk

<p>Climate change affects agriculture adversely, and at the same time, agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. In the District Okara of Pakistan, an important potato and maize-producing area, it stands 4th in potato and 3rd in maize production in the country. Increased CO2 levels cause an imbalance in greenhouse gases, which adversely affects crop cycles and increases pests. Climate-related pest pressure has resulted in crop losses of 28-45%. This study aims to estimate the carbon footprint of potato and maize production, analyze their profitability and terms of trade, and identify the key factors influencing carbon emissions and farm profitability. Primary data were collected from a sample of 240 respondents, comprising 120 potato producers and 120 maize producers from District Okara. Profitability was assessed using a net benefit approach, calculated as total revenue minus production costs, while terms of trade were estimated as the ratio of output value to input costs. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was employed to estimate carbon emissions associated with major production inputs. The results indicate that the average carbon footprint for large, medium, and small farmers was 7.50 m³, 6.90 m³, and 6.24 m³, respectively. Fertilizers, pesticides, diesel, and electricity were identified as the major sources of carbon emissions, contributing approximately 613.22 kg CO?-equivalent per annum. Water footprint analysis revealed substantial variation among farm sizes, with large, medium, and small farmers recording water footprints of 1460.23 mm, 69.2 mm, and 2807.1 mm, respectively. Despite a high dependence on external and off-season inputs, potato and maize production remained economically viable, with an average market price of approximately PKR 2,800* per mound. These results emphasize the importance of efficient use of inputs and emissions reduction to enhance the sustainability of agricultural systems in Pakistan.</p>

2026-02-10T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Ayesha Rouf, Abdullah Hammad, Shagufta Rasheed, Muzammil Anwar, Jawad Anwar